Oh My Siomai - 15123 Words

CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NAME OF THE BUSINESS Oh My! Siomai! was chosen as the name of the store for some good reasons. The name is appealing to the target market we aim to cater to. Oh My! Siomai! represents a fast, reliable, and accessible impression to busy people or those who are always on the go – you eat while you go to school or to your work. Our product is different from other existing food outlets in terms of quality, cleanliness, unique taste, nutritious, healthy and affordable. LOCATION The location of the business is within the vicinity of the University Belt, which only means that we have lots of prospective customers to look up to. The store is situated at the Philippine – Japan Friendship Centre Manila Building located†¦show more content†¦MANAGEMENT ASPECT The proponents decided to adapt a Partnership kind of organization. The store’s total investment amounts to Php300, 000, which is from the personal funds of every partner. Tax and licenses amount to a total of Php6, 370 that would begin on the second week of January. FINANCIAL ASPECT The total project cost amounts to 300,000 in which we would invest a total of Php300, 000 for the start up of the business. A projected sale of Php1, 693,260 will be realized on its first year of operation with an assumption of 3% increase per annum. LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT STUDY This study includes only the study of venturing up a business in a commercial space along the Ricardo Papa Street Sampaloc, Manila for siomai. Surveys were conducted on the third week of January in several students which are assumed to be the target market of the business as well as the interviews done with the existing stores particularly competitors within the vicinity of the area. CHAPTER II MARKET INFORMATION This market study is aimed at determining and analyzing the demand and supply for the product in the past and making projections of demand in the future; ascertaining its competitive position in the industry, and designing marketing program for the product. INDUSTRY BACKGROUND Dumplings are an ancient food, known to cooks in many cultures and cuisines. The ingredients (grain, meat, vegetable, fruit), serving customs (with gravy, in soup, as dessert),Show MoreRelatedList of the Top Foodcart Franchising Business in the Philippines1759 Words   |  8 PagesFoodcart Franchise 83. Dipped Banana on Stick Franchise 84. Don Camote Foodcart Franchise 85. Doriyaki Twist Franchise 86. Egg Mess Express Franchise 87. Egg Moo Express Franchise 88. El Bonito’s Pizza Franchise 89. Emperor’s Siomai Foodcart Franchise 90. Ferino’s Bibingka Franchise 91. Filtrepreneur Franchise, Inc. 92. Five Spices Shabu-Shabu Foodcart Franchise 93. Float D’ Floating Ice Cream Franchise 94. Fresh Fruit Juice Foodcart Franchise 95. Fried Bites

Lewins Comparison of Change Theories Essay - 2568 Words

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOLARLY ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL DIVERSITY VOLUME 8 NUMBER 1 2004-2005 Comparison of Change Theories Alicia Kritsonis MBA Graduate Student California State University, Dominquez Hills ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to summarize several change theories and assumptions about the nature of change. The author shows how successful change can be encouraged and facilitated for long-term success. The article compares the characteristics of Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory, Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory, Prochaska and DiClemente’s Change Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior to one another. Leading industry experts will need to continually review and†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Lewin’s model illustrates the effects of forces that either promote or inhibit change. Specifically, driving forces promote change while restraining forces oppose change. Hence, change will occur when the combined strength of one force is greater than the combined strength of the opposing set of forces (Robbins 564-65). Lippitt’s Phases of Change Theory Lippitt, Watson, and Westley (1958) extend Lewin’s Three-Step Change Theory. Lippitt, Watson, and Westley created a seven-step theory that focuses more on the role and responsibility of the change agent than on the evolution of the change itself. Information is continuously exchanged throughout the process. The seven steps are: ALICIA KRITSONIS ____________________________________________________________ _________________________3 1. Diagnose the problem. 2. Assess the motivation and capacity for change. 3. Assess the resources and motivation of the change agent. This includes the change agent’s commitment to change, power, and stamina. 4. Choose progressive change objects. In this step, action plans are developed and strategies are established. 5. The role of the change agents should be selected and clearly understood by all parties so that expectations are clear. Examples of roles are: cheerleader, facilitator, and expert. 6. Maintain the change. Communication, feedback, and group coordination are essential elements in this stepShow MoreRelatedMarket Analysis of Avon1627 Words   |  6 Pagesdecided that change was necessary because of decline in operating profits and flattening revenues in 2006. It was caused by its fast growth in talent which could not be supported by the infrastructure. Model A model is a standard used to imitate, compare or emulate; what the organization does with the input to produce an output. Conceptions of planned change tend to focus on how change should be implemented in organizations. The models are described in frameworks called theories, which describeRead MoreEssay on Unseen Consequences in Organizational Change960 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Change I currently work for command Zulu, which is a detachment from the headquarters located in Virginia. Zulu employs two officers and four enlisted personnel whose primary job is conducting inspections on all East Coast Trident submarines. The two officers fill the roles of Officer in Charge and Assistant Officer in Charge. The four enlisted personnel are specialists in the areas of security, safety, technical operations, and administrative programs. An organizational change occurredRead Moreleading and managing changes Essay2169 Words   |  9 Pagesretail industry, but the net profit of David Jones has been decreasing because of the rapid retail environmental changes, unhealthy cultures, and global online attack. The problems of declining net profit in David Jones are creating make it essential to apply the most suitable change management for company. 1.2 Aim The aim of this report is not only applying the change management theory, model, and style for David Jones and David Jones’ CEO, Paul Zahra, but also supporting the arguments throughRead MoreThe Theories Of Leadership Styles1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial compensation, it is imperative to understand leadership theory. One of the first pioneers in leadership theory was Kurt Lewin. Kurt Lewin (1890–1947), was a prominent figure in psychology in his generation. He provided a solid foundation to the teachings of organizational development. In many circles he was known as the father of organizational development. He was best known for the development of field theory. Field theory was essential because it allowed business professionals to understandRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurt Lewin s Change Management Model And John Kotter s Eight Step Change Model2105 Words   |  9 Pages2016). Change models exist to conceptualise and aid the process, providing a conceptual framework f or change agents to identify and mitigate the issues that could contest the change purpose to achieve the desired outcomes (Hayes, 2014). Carnall (2007) states humans need the structure of a model to help identify what is planned and how to achieve the change. Du Toit (2003) highlights the importance that when choosing the change model it is imperative agents are aware of the choice and its theory of useRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment1251 Words   |  6 PagesPart A In addition to the cultural care theory is there any other evidence of theory application in the case story above? Present and describe. The Theory of Goal Attainment was developed by Imogene King in the early 1960s. It describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a patient grows and develops to attain certain life goals. King’s concepts are essential in aiding nurses in the nurse-patient relationship. She developed a general systems framework where the framework refers to theRead MoreReasons For Improving The Level Of Commitment And Employee Motivation Among The Staff At The Radio Station846 Words   |  4 Pagesterms of tuition fees. The criteria to be used in weighing between these two options is the use of a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Secondly, I would seek to improve the level of employee motivation at the organization by using the Herzberg Motivation hygiene theory. The options to be considered would be to enhance either the level of intrinsic or extrinsic motivation (McVay, 2007). Intrinsic motivation factors would include employee’s responsibilities, improved communication in terms of feedback and personalizationRead MoreKurt Lewins Change Theory1570 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuous prospect of change as they fight to survive and remain competitive in a globalized economy. Changes exist in both the external and internal environments. As organizational environments exert pressure for change, organizations must adjust if they are to survive and prosper. According to Medley and Akan (2008), theories concerning organizational change were dominated by Lewin’s planned change approach (1947), which brings together four complex elements: (1) field theory, which seeks to mapRead MoreComparisons of Change Models Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Change is a usual task in every organization in order to develop an organization itself or survive in the industry. Since the business world is changing rapidly these days, the management has to have the ability to handle the organization’s development properly by applying change theory models with an organizational strategy. Therefore, people in an organization can implement with change effectively. This paper will compare three broadly used change models: Lawin’s Change Management Model;Read MoreLeadership, Leadership And Mobilization Of The Junior Nurses1579 Words   |  7 Pagesgoodwill strategies, to make their own decisions and that their proposals to changes in the society are sound and valued. Therefore, the concept of grassroots leadership and mobilization of the junior nurses is important in creating a just and fair team, which will raise the spirits and performance of the employees in hospitals. Leadership in the nursing profession should emphasize on communication as a tool of instilling change within the membership. Communication enabled Abrashoff to instill leadership

Business Overview Library Management

Question: Discuss about the Business Overview for Library Management. Answer: Business overview Goals The goal of the project is to prepare an automated library management system in 6 months with a budget of $20,000. Objectives The key objectives of the proposed system are as follows: Accurate catalogue to inform clients of any kind of video help. Avoid incorrect lending videos to defaulters. Study of borrowing patterns of users. Avoid inconsistent data and data redundancy of data. Current situation and Problems The current system runs on traditional system with most of the work being done manually. This results in inconsistent data and administrator lose track on number of videos being issued to which user and whether the borrower is a legitimate member of the library. Gaps The current system is not able to automate the reminders to be sent to the users. Also, it looses out the customers by not studying their pattern of borrowing. It is also not able to add trending videos in the library and hence gets its market share reduced by considerable number. Opportunities With the help of proposed system, the library will attract new customers by upgrading library from time to time. Data gathering Following are key data gathering methods: Registration - Registers and licenses are used specifically for complete enumeration. This will help finding out the number of users file for membership monthly. Questionnaire - This includes a form which contains a set of questions arranged in a logical order. It is distributed to the end users for their responses. It is a good option as the end users are co-operative. Interviews - This method will interview the end users. However, this method is complex than questionnaire. It will be used for high level management. Meeting - This method will help in finalizing the design of proposed system. It includes providing a demo to the end users and get feedbacks from the end users of the library. Logical process modelling Data modelling and Normalization Tbl_Branch Attribute name Data type branchNo Number address String telephone Number manager Number Tbl_Staff Attribute name Data type staffNo Number firstName String lastName String position String salary Number Tbl_Category Attribute name Data type code String name String description String Tbl_Video Attribute name Data type videoNo String copyNo String title String category String dailyRental Number cost Number categoryNo Number Tbl_Customer Attribute name Data type memberNo Number firstName String lastName String street String State String zipcode Number dateOfRegistration Date branch Number Tbl_Publisher Attribute name Data type publicationNo Number firstName String lastName String licenseNo Number city String country String Feasibility analysis Feasibility study provides an overview of key issues which are related to proposed system. The system can be analysed using following types of feasibility: Economic feasibility - This type of feasibility measures the proposed system on the basis of cost and benefit. As per the given scenario, the library indeed has enough funds to conduct complete system investigation. In addition to this, funds are available for purchasing hardware and software for the proposed system. It is performed by interview technique. Technical feasibility - This type of feasibility measures the proposed system on the basis of available technology. It is based on the outline of the requirements of system - inputs, outputs, procedures and programs. The proposed system has enough existing technology to implement the system and the system can also be scaled in future. It is performed by interview technique and record view technique. Operational feasibility It will include following criterias to be considered during operational investigation. The system has good number of users who are going to use it. The library functioning will get enhanced by the implementation of new automated system. The new system is beneficial from operational point of view and hence it can be concluded that it is operational feasible. Requirement specification Following are key functional requirements: The customer should be able to register in the system. The customer should be able to make request for borrowing a video. The customer should be able to return the video. The customer should be able to request for adding new video in the system. The customer should be able to browse through the catalogue. The customer should be able to filter the videos on the basis of categories. The customer should be able to view data on single video. The customer can extend the hold on a video. Following are key non-functional requirements: The system should be reliable i.e. 24x7 available. The system should have low learning curve. All users should be able to complete tasks without any guidance. The system should be able to prompt users for next set of actions. The system should be able to display appropriate message in order to allow users to perform next step in the transaction. The text should be displayed in a manner which is easily understable by the end users. The system allows only authenticated users to access the system. Proposed solution The proposed solution is an automated video library management system which will allow users manage the lending and returning of videos to the library. It provides platform to manage the accurate information about the videos and users and hence avoiding the data inconsistency in the system. The system will also allow management to analyse the patterns of members in order to update the library collection to retain the customers. It will also allow administrator to check for costs involved in the purchase of video and purchase order details. The proposed solution will be installed in all the stores and will have a centralized database. Implementation issues Following are key issues which may arise post-development of the system: The employees of library are reluctant to adapt to the new system. Economic fluctuations in the cost of the systems to be installed after the development of the system. The end users of the organization are not provided with enough training to use the system. References George, J. (2004).Object-oriented systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Hoffer, J., George, J. and Valacich, J. (1999).Modern systems analysis and design. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. Kroenke, D. (2009).MIS essentials. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Marmel, E. (2004).Microsoft Office Project 2003 bible. New York: Wiley. Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J. (2001).Essentials of systems analysis and design. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Internet Communities and Social Networks

Introduction The global technological advancement has led to many changes in the ways of interaction among people. The advancement in information technology, which led to the development of social networking websites, clearly evidences this fact. There has been a gradual yet significant development of social networking sites. The development of these sites started with ‘Friendster’ established in 2002 followed by ‘LinkedIn’ and ‘Bebo’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Communities and Social Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ‘Facebook’ and ‘MySpace’ invention took place in 2004 and 2005 respectively. It is important to mention that majority of the people in the world use Facebook. As a result, it is the social networking with the largest number of users in the world. For a social network to function effectively there is a need for a s ystem that controls the flow of information from one member of the internet community to the other. Social networks have led to an increased flow of information globally as well as building of relationships among different entities. Communities and Web 2.0 Web 2.0 allows members of internet community to exchange information as well as ideas interactively. Social networking sites are examples of Web 2.0 (Fraser, Dutta, 2008, p.27). Other examples of Web 2.0 include video sharing sites, wikis, blogs and mashups among others. All these enhance the formation of internet communities. Of much concern are the social sites that have been instrumental in bringing people from different geographical locations as well as races come together for a common goal.  Several factors enhance the success of internet communities. The social interactions of internet communities require great support, which should include a means to enhance grounding and social presence among members. Members should hav e access to information concerning their joining, trusting, participating and leaving an online community (Kim, 2000, p.12). Owing to the fact that internet communities are greatly involved in solving social dilemma, some strategies help members achieve this goal (Kollock, 1996, p. 41). These strategies include community attraction, rules and regulations, governance on group information as well as infrastructure. In addition, members should be able to find answers to their questions easily.  However, internet communities face some challenges. For instance, there have been cases of internet bullying whereby a member is psychologically tortured making such members quit the society (Boyd, 2007, p.12). This usually occurs among teenagers. There have also been cases of tolling or rather inflicting emotional stress among some members of an internet community. These instances lead to lose of members from the community. There has been a concern about the safety of children due to their ex posure to crude information in these sites. Such information may include pornographic materials and vulgar language (Moreno, Fost, Christakis, 2008, p. 159).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social networks Social networks originate from social networking sites. This helps to connect people who share the same interests, activities, political ambitions as well as economical views. The networking sites require the users to create user-profiles Boyd Ellison, 2007, p.27). This involves providing their personal information to the sites. Other sites allow users who have common interests to create groups and thus enhance more interaction. Most internet users are members of one or more groups. It is also important to mention that most people acquire scientific knowledge through social networks (Lieberskind, Porter, 1996, p.430). Students and teachers use social networks as a com munication tool in colleges because of their high speed as well as their ability to reach a large number of the members at once (Mazer, Murphy, Simonds, 2007, p.15). Activists have employed social networks to mobilize people at the grass-root level. As a networking tool, college students use it to contact professionals for internships and job applications (Arabie, Yoram, 1994, p. 266). It is also important to mention that most companies nowadays use Facebook and Twitter to build their brand image. They also use social networks in recruiting new staff as well as learning new technologies from their competitors. This helps to build healthy business growth within companies. Governments also use social networks as a tool to get the people’s opinion on different state issues before making major decisions.  Too much of everything is dangerous. A number of social network users have grown into addicts (Boyd, 2006, p.62). They spent too much time on these social networks to the ex tent that they overlook other important aspects of their life. Addiction is prevalent among Facebook users. It is important for members of any internet community to use these social networks wisely. The impact of online networks on the community As earlier mentioned online networks lead to increased flow of information in our communities. Online networks have been of much help to people with ill health especially those with chronic diseases (Battles, Wienner, 2002, p. 52). On social networking interaction, these people are able to help each other to manage their ill conditions. It is important to mention that they get to know people who they can identify with and helps to build a sense of acceptance. Online networks have also helped people to participate adequately in community activities by mobilizing people to attend activities leading to improved civic participation. The large numbers of people who join internet communities help to facilitate the mobilization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Communities and Social Networks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, according to a study carried out by The Centre of the Digital future, three quarters of Americans have internet access and spend 8.9 hours online weekly (Carvin, 2006).College students mostly practice this.  Social networks also lead to formation of relationships between members of a given internet community. The issue of online dating came in from well-established ties between two members of a given online community (Romm, Setzekon, 2008, p. 271). They also help to increase communication between friends and family. According to Nielsen (2000), over 70% of online communities interact with their geographical communities on regular basis (p. 52). It is therefore evident that online communities enhance cohesion between members of geographical communities as well. Online gaming is a feature of most social network s. Parents have had a difficult time in controlling their sons and daughters when it comes to computer games especially those who are still schooling (Knapp, 2006, p. 6). They believe that their children will perform poorly due to dedication of much of their time on these games. This therefore calls for parents to monitor the levels of their children’s involvement in online gaming. However, when well managed it is a good leisure activity. Conclusion Since invention of social networks in the late 1990s, online communities have both shown an increasing trend and wide acceptability. Social networks connect people sharing the same interests in life. For these networks to succeed there has to be a strong team supporting the networking sites. In addition, members of a given online community have to relate well in order to attract more people to these social networks. Consequently, social networks will exhibit tremendous growth. Reference List Arabie, P., Yoram, W. (1994). Marketin g and Social Networks. California:  Sage Publications. Battles, B., Wienner, L. (2002). Star bright World: Effects of Electronic Network on  The Social Environment of Children with Life-threatening Illnesses. Children’s Health Care, 31(1), 47-68. Boyd, D. (2006). Friends, Friendsters and MySpace Top 8. Writing Community into Bery  on Social Network sites, 11 (12), 60-67.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Boyd, D. (2007). Why Youth (Heart) Social Networking Sites. The Role of Networked  Publics in Teenage Social Life, 2(4), 9-12. Boyd, D., Ellison, N. (2007). Social Network Sites: Definition, History and Scholarship.  Journal of Computer-mediated Communication, 13 (1), 23-30. Carvin, A. (2006). Understanding the Impact of Online Communities on Civic  Engagement. Retrieved from https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/ Fraser, M., Dutta, S. (2008).Throw Sheep in the Boardroom. How Online Social  Networking will Transform your Life, Work and World. New York: Wiley. Kim, A. (2000). Community Building on the Web. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. Knapp, E. (2006).A Parent’s Guide to my space. New York: Day Dream Publishers. Kollock, P. (1996). Design Principles for Online Communities. Harvard. Lieberskind, K., Porter. J. (1996). Social Networks, Learning and Flexibility. Sourcing  Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms. Organization Science, 7(4), 428-443. Mazer, J., Murphy, R., Simonds, J. (2007). I’ll see you on Facebook: The effects and  Classroom Climate. Communication Education, 56 (1), 1-17. Moreno, A., Fost, C., Christakis, A. (2008). Research Ethics in the MySpace  Era.Pediatrics, 121(1), 157-161. Nielsen, J. (2000). Designing Web Usability. The Practice of Simplicity. Indianapolis:  New Riders Publishing. Romm, L., Setzekorn, K. (2008). Social Networking Communications and E.Dating  Services: Concepts and Implications. New York: Information Science Technology. This essay on Internet Communities and Social Networks was written and submitted by user Elvis Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Federal Reserve Essays - Monetary Economics, Monetary Policy

The Federal Reserve Essays - Monetary Economics, Monetary Policy The Federal Reserve When you look up the word money in the dictionary, you get this as the definition: A commodity, such as gold, or an officially issued coin or paper note that is legally established as an exchangeable equivalent of all other commodities, such as goods and services, and is used as a measure of their comparative values on the market. Money has three basic functions: a medium of exchange, a measure of value, and a store of value. Goods and services are paid for in money and debts are brought upon and then paid off in money. Without money, economic transactions would have to take place on a trading basis. But who controls all of our countries money? Back in the early nineteenth century our country was experiencing major national banking panics. One of the most remembered of these panics was the Banking Panic of 1907. Abram P. Andrew, secretary of the National Monetary Commission collected nearly two hundred samples of different bank currencies created to stem the 1907 panic, and he provided a description of the banks' problems at that time: [The banks] were so singularly unrelated and independent of each other that the majority of them had simultaneously engaged in a life and death contest with each other, forgetting for the time being the solidarity of their mutual interest and their common responsibility to the community at large. Two-thirds of the banks of the country entered upon an internecine struggle to obtain cash, had ceased to extend credit to their customers, had suspended cash payments and were hoarding such money as they had. What was the result? ... Thousands of men were thrown out of work, thousands of firms went into bankruptcy, the trade of the country came to a standstill, and all this happened simply because the credit system of the country had ceased to operate. (The Region, 1988) With all of the troubles the banking system was experiencing, President Woodrow Wilson passed an act in 1913 that established the Federal Reserve System (the Fed). Passing that act was the most drastic banking reform in the country's history. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was made to serve as a lender-of-last-resort in times of crisis and to provide a national currency that would expand and contract as needed. A seven member Board of Governors runs the Fed. They are usually bankers or economic specialists that are appointed by the President to 14-year terms. The terms are so long so that the members are protected from all of the political material that goes on. The President then selects a chairman of the board who is the chief spokesperson of the Fed. The current chairman is Alan Greenspan. The Federal Reserve System is also dubbed with the name The Central Bank of the United States. Today the Fed is comprised of twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks spread across the United States. They are located in New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Chicago, Atlanta, Cleveland, Dallas, Philadelphia, Richmond, Minneapolis, and Kansas City. If you look on the left side of a dollar, you can see which branch it was manufactured at. Each branch acts as a central bank for private banks in their region. Back in 1980 The Monetary Control Act resulted that all banks are subject to regulation of the Federal Reserve. Before this act, banks could choose whether or not they wanted to be members of the Fed. After the act was passed, all banks are required to be a member. The Fed has three main policies in which they influence the way banks operate. They are the legal reserve requirement, the discount rate, and open-market operations. Each policy powers the reserve and lending capability of banks. The discount rate is not usually a potent control, but it is important for it may point to the direction that the Federal Reserve policy goes. The legal reserve ratio is a powerful policy, but changes in it are rare. Open-market operations have a direct impact on the market and are one of the most important ways the Fed controls the money supply. The legal reserve ratio is the ratio of cash reserves to demand deposits that banks are required to maintain. When

MEDICAL ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MEDICAL ETHICS - Essay Example oral standards when conducting scientific experiments on live subjects, both human and animal subjects, in that certain practices are no longer allowed just for the sake of obtaining some data. It is now a requirement to seek prior approval before conducting an experiment to ensure that no subjects will be harmed and this strict code of ethical conduct has been extended to many clinical trials as well with regards to testing new drugs on people, that consent has been obtained and that full disclosure of potential side effects are made transparent and explained to participants. There are many ethical, moral and legal issues involved in animal testing such as using experimental new drugs on animals. These issues have concerned scientists and researchers alike and also animal rights advocates, who question the value of the data obtained from that kind of research (Watson, 2009, p. 17) while others prefer scientific research experiments should still be conducted but only under strict conditions that met all the ethical criteria (Rollin, 2006, p. 3) and that ethics should be applied in science. This topic is the subject of this brief paper concerning its so-called 3 Rs, namely replacement, reduction and refinement with regards to such experiments. The adoption of the aforementioned 3 Rs was a big step towards ethical considerations on experiments done on live animals. It was put forth by two eminent British biologists in 1960s as a way to treat animal subjects more humanely and acquired the status of an ethics standard. It has been termed as the 3 Rs principle and is discussed here in connection with the experiment on monkeys as observed in the wild and in captivity by scientists researching on the causes of stress. This is because stress is one of the leading causes of death among humans and knowledge gained from studying the troops of monkeys and baboons have great implications for the human species. Along this line, each component of the said principle will be

2 discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

2 discussion questions - Essay Example The business may also have seasonal nature. Liquidity ratios: Company A is more appealing to a potential lender – its current ratio is about the industry average while Company B’s is way less. Moreover, A’s quick ratio exceeds average (which, though, may be a sign of not very efficient cash and cash securities management). Efficiency ratios: for the industry in general average collection period decreased by 2 days in 2002, and inventory turnover increased. Turnover growth rate for both A and B was positive but less than industry average. Additionally, average collection period went up. Collection discipline and overall asset management should be examined closely. Profitability ratios: Company B has an advantage vs. A in all three categories, though both companies and the industry overall show positive growth. Using Du-Pont system (see graphs on the next page), one can see that both companies have lower than average asset turnover but B compensate for it with high operating profit margin and achieves high ROA. By dividing the book value of UPS ($16.884bln) by the number of shares (1.07bln as indicated at Yahoo Finance resource) we get book value per share of $15.78. Market value per share as of 3rd January 2007 is $74.97. For FDX, book and market value per share equal to $37.48 ($11.511bln / 307.12M ) and $109.77. UPS market value can be calculated as $74.97 per share x 1.07bln shares = $80.218 bln and its market value added is $80.218bln - $16.884bln = $63.334bln. FDX market value: $109.77 per share x 307.12M shares = $33.712 bln and market value added equals to $33.712 bln - $11.511bln = $22.210bln. A difference between book value and market value of a company exists because investing into a company is not equivalent to buying its building or production lines; it is investment into the way company’s assets are utilized,